Grouper

NOAA, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Grouper is one of the most prized fish in Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean. Multiple species — red grouper, black grouper, and gag grouper — appear under the same market name. All share firm, white, mildly sweet flesh that holds up well to grilling, frying, and baking. The grouper sandwich is an iconic Florida coastal staple. In Mexico it is called mero and is fundamental to Yucatecan cuisine — mero frito and mero a la plancha are found on coastal menus from Veracruz to Quintana Roo. In Portugal and Brazil it is garoupa; in France, mérou.

Culinary substitutes

Huachinango

Both are firm, white, mild-flavored fish from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean — grouper is meatier and thicker-fleshed, red snapper is sweeter with more character.

Loup de mer

Both are prized mild white fish well suited to whole cooking and restaurant menus — grouper is firmer and more robust, sea bass more delicate.

Rabirrubia

Both are Florida Keys and Caribbean reef fish suited to whole cooking — yellowtail snapper is more delicate, grouper is meatier and holds up better to frying.