The same muscle, the infraspinatus. Paleron is the French whole muscle, braised or cut across its gelatinous centre; the flat iron is the US steak cut either side of that tendon. Argentina calls the muscle marucha.
These are near equivalents in the way butchers and cooks use them. If you can source either one, you're very close to the same result.
| Country | Flat iron steak | Paleron |
|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸United States | Flat iron steak | Chuck roast |
| 🇬🇧United Kingdom | Flat iron steak | Chuck roast |
| 🇫🇷France | — | Paleron |
| 🇪🇸Spain | — | Paleta |
| 🇦🇷Argentina | Marucha | — |
| 🇲🇽Mexico | — | Paleta |
| 🇵🇹Portugal | — | Paleta |
| 🇧🇷Brazil | — | Paleta |
| 🇮🇹Italy | — | Cappello del prete |
| 🇩🇪Germany | Flat-Iron-Steak | Schulterscherzel |
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